| Speaking. | Multiple simple *mistakes made during speaking. | Lack of control during speaking. |
| Strengthen | Assessment | Result |
| Classroom: exercises to focus on accuracy before speed. | Oral exercise. | Less mistakes, better experience for the listener. |
| Skill | Weakness | Cause |
| Speaking | Persistent *errors made during speaking. | Gaps in grammar/vocabulary knowledge. |
| Strengthen | Assessment | Result |
| Classroom: pause the speaking, ask the student to think about the error. Self-correction/Teacher’s explanation. Repetition will be needed. | Oral exercise. | Grammar/Vocabulary gap filled. Improvement will take time as the mistakes are ingrained. |
| Skill | Weakness | Cause |
| Speaking. | Increase in mistakes towards the end of a speech. | Difficulty maintaining the required level of concentration/control over longer speeches. |
| Strengthen | Assessment | Result |
| Classroom: begin with short simple exercises. Slowly increase the length and complexity of the exercises. | Oral exercise. | Able to concentrate on quality longer. Able to give longer and more complex replies. |
| Skill | Weakness | Cause |
| Speaking. | Gives yes/no answers when possible. | Lacks confidence in speaking. |
| Strengthen | Assessment | Result |
| Classroom: ask questions were yes/no isn’t possible. Ask supplementary questions. Less correction until confidence increases. | Elicit longer answers. | Able to give longer and more complex replies. |
| Skill | Weakness | Cause |
| Speaking & Writing. | Lack of advanced vocabulary. | Insufficient reading of/listening to the right material. |
| Strengthen | Assessment | Result |
| Self-Study: guidance on what to read and listen to at home. | Oral exercises to elicit more advanced vocabulary. | Increased use of advanced vocabulary. |
| Skill | Weakness | Cause |
| Speaking. | Tendency to ramble. | Lack of structure in answer preperation. |
| Strengthen | Assessment | Result |
| Classroom: give sample structures to follow in preparing different types of answers. | Oral exercise to elicit answers following the prepared structure. | Clearer more concise speech. |
| Skill | Weakness | Cause |
| Speaking | Overuse of because. | Lack of vocabulary/laziness. |
| Strengthen | Assessment | Result |
| Classroom: introduction of additional vocabulary: as, since, due to, so that. | Oral exercise prohibiting the use of because. | Able to express the small differences in meaning not possible only using because. |
| Skill | Weakness | Cause |
| Listening. | Unfocused listening comprehension. | Not listening for a specific purpose. |
| Strengthen | Assessment | Result |
| Classroom: tiered listening exercise. | Listening exercises with different purposes: overview, headings, true/false/not said, comprehension questions. | Not overwhelmed by long and complex listening. |
| Skill | Weakness | Cause |
| Writing. | Incorrect use of punctuation esp. commas & quotation marks. | Lack of knowledge. |
| Strengthen | Assessment | Result |
| Quizzes and simple writing exercises. | Simple writing exercises. | Easier to read and better organised written English. |