This is used to talk about a singular countable noun or an uncountable noun that is close to you.
That is used to talk about a singular countable noun or an uncountable noun that is far from you.
- This cat is happy.
(the cat sitting close to you) - That balloon is floating away.
(the balloon far away from you in the sky) - This food is delicious.
(the food in front of you) - Do you remember that furniture we saw on the fifth floor?
(you are now on the first floor of the shop)
These is used to talk about plural countable nouns that are close to you.
Those is used to talk about plural countable nouns that are far from you.
- These books need to go back to the library.
(the books next to you on your desk) - Those biscuits we bought last week are all broken.
(the biscuits away from you in your kitchen)
